Blood in urine
Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine, which can be caused by various factors. This is an alarming symptom indicating possible serious health problems. The condition may be pronounced or have no additional symptoms, remaining unnoticed by a person.
If there are any changes in the properties, color, smell of urine, the nature of urination, or suspicions of urinary tract pathology, you must immediately contact your doctor - a therapist, urologist, or nephrologist.
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Causes of pathology
Doctors count more than 150 provoking factors by which an admixture of blood cells gets into the urinary tract. In each case, it is necessary to establish the exact triggers that start the pathological process, therefore the causes have a structured classification.
Important! Sometimes red urine appears not because of pathology, but after a certain diet. For example, this is manifested by the consumption of large quantities of beets, rhubarb, red berries, carbonated drinks, confectionery products colored with artificial colors.
The same result can be caused by taking laxatives, aspirin, other medications, and narcotics
|
Group |
Diseases |
|
Nephropathology |
Pyelonephritis. Glomerulonephritis. Nephritis. |
|
Infectious diseases |
Tuberculosis of the urinary tract. Bacterial urethritis. Purulent cystitis. |
|
Tumors |
Benign, malignant neoplasms of any part of the urinary system. |
|
Injuries |
Damage, contusion of the kidney. Injury to the bladder, ureters, urethra, urethra (including after invasive diagnostic manipulations). |
|
Urolithiasis |
The presence of hard, sharp inclusions in the cavity of organs can injure the walls. |
|
Chromosomal, hereditary diseases |
Most often it is polycystic renal disease |
|
Blood clotting disorder |
Hemophilia. Leukemia. Some types of anemia. |
|
Anomalies of the renal vascular system |
Thrombosis. Clots, aneurysms, pathological vascular stenosis. |
Blood in the urine can have gender-specific causes, and can also occur in children or the elderly under certain circumstances.
In this regard, doctors identify risk groups for the appearance of this symptom:
- Blood in the urine in men allows, first of all, to suspect oncology of the genitourinary system, prostatitis, benign tumors, polyps of the urethra. Often the symptoms accompany extreme physical or sports loads, and are found in people who perform heavy physical work
- Blood in the urine of women is more often due to urethritis, cystitis, endometriosis of the bladder
- Blood in the urine of a child is observed with glomerular nephritis, urethral trauma, poor hygiene of the perineum, and inflammatory processes. The disease is often based on a genetic predisposition, chromosomal abnormalities
- The causes of blood in the urine of the elderly can be infections of the genitourinary system, obstructive phenomena. Blood in the urine of an elderly man is one of the symptoms of prostate cancer
To establish the exact provoking triggers, circumstances of the disease, a thorough examination of the patient is necessary. The treatment program will depend on the underlying cause, concomitant diseases, complications.
The symptoms of macrohematuria are not difficult. It is determined by the change in urine color to red, pink, brown.
In addition to color, there may be additional symptoms:
- Blood clots in urine. Vermiform form is a sign of hemorrhages in the renal tubules, ureters.
- Mucous, purulent plugs.
- Cloudy urine, with flakes, sediment.
- Pain in the lower back, perineum.
- Painful spasms during urination.
- Unpleasant odor.
Features of symptoms:
- When urinating, the first portion of urine with blood (initial hematuria) often indicates diseases of the urethra, stones in the lower sections.
- Causes of urine with blood in men and women in the last portions are cancer of the upper urinary tract, kidney stones.
- Blood from the urethra in men during urination and outside of it – a sign of adenoma or neoplasm of the prostate.
Hematuria with pain often indicates stones or inflammatory processes. Blood in the urine without pain in men and women is a common sign of cancer.
Important! You should see a doctor immediately as soon as the first blood is noticed during urination. Pathologies associated with this symptom can quickly increase, leading to renal failure and other life-threatening consequences.
You should be examined by a urologist, nephrologist, and also in case of other urinary dysfunctions without changes in urine color.
To determine the root cause of the condition, the diseases that caused this symptom, the doctor collects anamnesis, examines the patient. It is important to find out why the blood in the urine has the identified intensity, is observed periodically or constantly.
The diagnostic program may include the following laboratory tests:
- General clinical urine and blood tests
- Microbiological urine test
- Histological examination of material obtained as a result of cystoscopy or kidney biopsy
- Immunological tests to detect autoimmune diseases
Hardware diagnostic methods:
- Cystography, excretory urography - X-ray examination with contrast
- Ultrasound of the genitourinary organs
- MRI, CT to clarify the diagnosis
Important! There are express tests with a reaction to blood in the urine, which can be bought at the pharmacy and used at home.
However, it is worth keeping in mind that this is not the main diagnostics, but an auxiliary method. If the conditions for implementation are not met, it can show false positive, false negative results.
In case of alarming symptoms, any suspicions of kidney disorders, you should undergo an examination in the clinic. Having found out why urine with blood appears in this clinical case, you can choose the most effective treatment.
Treatment of hematuria
The physiological condition does not need to be treated. If such a symptom appears, you should consult a doctor to rule out pathology. In the absence of diseases and confirmation of the physiological cause by the doctor, a person should monitor his condition in the future, and if repeated symptoms appear, consult a doctor for diagnosis.
Treatment is pathogenetic. Therapeutic measures for urination with blood for organic reasons are aimed at stopping the underlying pathological process.
Therapeutic treatment
Conservative therapy is indicated for inflammatory, infectious diseases, early stages of benign neoplasms, prostate adenoma. Minor blood in urination in men and women is a reason for dynamic monitoring of the patient's condition.
For small stones, drugs that dissolve stones can be prescribed.
Medicines that can be included in therapeutic treatment:
- Antibiotics are used to treat infectious and inflammatory diseases
- Glucocorticosteroids are effective in autoimmune reactions
- Cytostatics
- Alpha-blockers
- Cardiotherapeutic drugs to maintain cardiac function
- Alkaline agents for dissolving urinary stones
Surgical treatment
If therapy does not bring results, surgical treatment of the pathology is prescribed:
- Benign and malignant tumors
- Polyps
- Traumatic damage to the urinary organs
- Blood in the urine in men with adenoma is an indication for surgery on the prostate gland
Surgical urology also deals with the removal of stones from all parts of the urinary system. The operation can be performed using one of the following methods:
- Classical open surgery
- Shock wave lithotripsy
- Cystolitholapaxy using an endoscopic instrument
- Percutaneous cystolitholapaxy
- Nephrostomy for obstructive ureteral blockages
In case of irreversible kidney damage, resection of a part of the organ or total nephrectomy is prescribed, depending on the extent of the process. Damage to both kidneys is an indication for transplantation of a donor organ.
Advantages of treatment of ischuria in the medical center "K+31"
Medical center "K+31" provides a full range of services for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary retention in patients of all ages. In their work, experienced urologists are guided by modern medical protocols, all diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations are performed on high-precision equipment.
Why choose the clinic "K+31":
- Comprehensive diagnostics in our own laboratory
- Professionalism and coordinated work of all staff
- Convenient work schedule, patient reception without queues
- Complete confidentiality and safety of personal data.
You can make an appointment with a doctor and take tests through the feedback form. Additional contacts are listed on the clinic's website. The administrator will tell you more about the nuances of the examination, answer all questions and tell you which services are subject to promotions.
Ischuria is not a death sentence. With timely access to a doctor and a competent approach to treatment, the likelihood of a full recovery increases significantly.
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Features, types of pathology
Blood in the urine can be visible to the naked eye, or it can be present in very small quantities, and this can only be detected by laboratory research methods. However, regardless of the intensity of blood loss, this fact signals the growth of a life-threatening condition.
Two types of hematuria by intensity:
By nature:
Pathological types are divided into:
Degrees of hematuria:
Blood in the urine can be observed during pregnancy. In the early stages, the condition can be associated with a change in the balance of hormones, in the later stages, a large uterus presses on nearby structures, often causing compression of the bladder, large blood vessels.