Removal of polyp in the uterus

Removal of a polyp in the uterus is a surgical procedure that is aimed at eliminating a benign neoplasm arising from endometrial cells. A polyp can cause menstrual irregularities, pain, infertility and other complications. Timely treatment allows you to avoid serious consequences and maintain women's health. Let's look at the cases in which polyp removal is indicated, how the procedure is performed and what to expect during the rehabilitation period.

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Causes of polyps in the uterus

Neoplasms in the uterus arise due to the following reasons:

  • Hormonal imbalance
  • Endometritis
  • Abortions, curettage, childbirth
  • Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Thyroid diseases
  • Decreased immunity
  • Hereditary predisposition
  • Chronic stress, fatigue

A sedentary lifestyle contributes to hormonal imbalance and metabolic disorders. Long-term use of drugs for the treatment of breast cancer can also cause the growth of polyps. According to some studies, high blood pressure changes the vascular bed of the endometrium, increasing the risk of neoplasms.

Causes of polyps in the uterus

Methods of removing polyps in the uterus

The choice of method for removing neoplasms depends on the woman's age, size and type of polyp, and general well-being. Hysteroscopy, laser polypectomy, and radio wave surgery are most commonly used. Let's take a closer look at their features.

Hysteroscopy

The most effective and informative method. A hysteroscope is inserted through the cervix - an optical device in the form of a thin tube, equipped with a camera and a lighting system to transmit the image to the monitor. The doctor sees the polyp and removes it with maximum precision. The operation is minimally invasive, allows you to immediately assess the condition of the uterine cavity and take material for histological examination.

Laser polypectomy

The polyp is removed with a laser beam. The method ensures minimal blood loss, virtually eliminates the risk of infection, and promotes rapid tissue healing. It is suitable for women planning a pregnancy, as it leaves no scars.

Radio wave surgery

The method is based on the use of high-frequency radio waves that cut tissues contactlessly. Allows for careful removal of the neoplasm with minimal damage to the surrounding endometrium. The procedure is fast, has a low risk of complications, and does not require long-term rehabilitation.

General information

Age risk zones

Polyps are more common in premenopausal women (40-50 years old) and postmenopausal women (50 years and older) due to drastic hormonal changes. During this period, progesterone production decreases, and estrogen levels remain high, which stimulates endometrial growth.

In women of reproductive age (25-40 years), polyps occur due to inflammation, menstrual irregularities, and medical interventions. In addition, irregular sexual activity can be considered a risk factor. In some patients, polyps are asymptomatic and are detected only during infertility diagnostics.

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Indications for removal of polyps in the uterus

The operation is performed if the following indications are present:

  • Heavy, prolonged, or irregular menstrual periods
  • Intermenstrual bleeding
  • Infertility, unsuccessful IVF attempts
  • Bloody discharge during intercourse
  • Severe pain in the lower abdomen
  • Profuse leucorrhoea

With rapid growth of the polyp, the probability of malignant transformation increases. Also, the neoplasm can be a source of chronic infection.

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Contraindications to removal of polyps in the uterus

Absolute contraindications include:

  • Pregnancy (if there is no threat to life and dangerous complications)
  • Decompensated diseases of the heart, lungs, etc.
  • Blood clotting disorders that cannot be corrected
  • A severe allergic reaction to drugs required for anesthesia or the procedure, without the possibility of replacing them

Among the relative contraindications, gynecologists highlight acute inflammatory diseases, menstruation, temporary deterioration of the general condition against the background of colds. Removal of the polyp is allowed after treatment.

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How is polyp removal surgery performed?

The surgical intervention consists of several stages:

  1. Preparation on the day of surgery. Hospitalization, pain relief and antiseptic treatment are carried out
  2. Insertion of a hysteroscope. An optical device is inserted through the cervix to examine the cavity and detect a polyp
  3. Removal of the neoplasm. To stop bleeding, coagulation of the vessels is performed after excision
  4. Collection of material for histology. The removed polyp is sent to the laboratory for analysis to exclude malignant cells

After the operation, the doctor monitors the patient's condition for several hours. If necessary, he prescribes antibacterial drugs to prevent inflammation, antispasmodics, hormonal agents to normalize the menstrual cycle, immunomodulators and vitamins to restore the body.

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Preparing for surgery

A week before the procedure, you should stop using vaginal medications and intimate hygiene products. 1-2 days before the procedure, it is recommended to limit physical activity and refrain from sexual intercourse. Immediately before the hysteroscopy, it is forbidden to drink or eat due to intravenous anesthesia.

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Analysis and examinations

To safely perform the operation, the patient must undergo a comprehensive diagnosis. This includes:

  • Consultation and examination with a gynecologist
  • General and biochemical blood analysis
  • Coagulogram
  • Smears for flora and oncocytology
  • Urine analysis
  • Ultrasound of the pelvic organs
  • ECG (for women over 35 years old)

In addition to the standard list of tests, the doctor may add PCR diagnostics for infections, colposcopy, hysterosalpingography. In case of hormonal disorders, a consultation with an endocrinologist is required, in case of chronic diseases - a cardiologist and therapist.

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Technique for removing a polyp in the uterus

The procedure is performed using a hysteroscope. The neoplasm is cut off with microinstruments, laser or radio waves. The base of the polyp is cauterized to prevent relapse. The duration of the intervention depends on the size and number of polyps, the method of removal, and the anatomical features of the patient. On average, the operation lasts from 15 to 40 minutes.

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Postoperative period and rehabilitation

In the first hours after the intervention, spotting, weakness, and pain in the lower abdomen are possible. Discharge from the hospital is carried out on the day of the operation or a day later. A follow-up examination and ultrasound are performed in 2-4 weeks. The histological conclusion on the removed material is usually ready within 7-10 days.

During rehabilitation, you must not:

  • Have sex for at least 2 weeks
  • Lifting weights
  • Train intensively
  • Take hot baths
  • Do physical therapy procedures
  • Take anticoagulants
  • Visit a bathhouse, sauna, swimming pool
  • Use tampons
  • Do douching, insert vaginal suppositories

If the recommendations are followed, recovery is quick and without complications. The menstrual cycle is normalized within 1-2 months.

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Possible complications

Sometimes the following complications arise after surgery:

  • Bleeding - occurs on the first day or several days after the procedure
  • Inflammation of the uterine cavity - accompanied by fever, pain in the lower abdomen, purulent discharge
  • Damage to the uterine wall - occurs due to careless procedure
  • Formation of adhesions - occurs with aggressive coagulation or removal of large polyps
  • Irregularities in the menstrual cycle - delays and changes in the nature of menstruation are observed

With hormonal imbalance and chronic inflammation, the risk of polyp recurrence increases. To reduce it, it is recommended to take combined oral contraceptives or progestins.

Please note! If you are overweight, it is important to exercise and eat a balanced diet. The diet should contain sufficient fiber, vitamins, and antioxidants.

To restore vaginal microflora, the doctor prescribes probiotics, vaginal suppositories and gels. Routine examinations and ultrasound 1-2 times a year allow timely diagnosis of recurrent polyp formation.

If the neoplasms are not removed, the following complications may occur:

  • Heavy intermenstrual bleeding. Without treatment, it leads to chronic anemia, weakness, dizziness, decreased ability to work, the need for frequent iron supplements, blood transfusions
  • Inflammatory processes against the background of infection. Accompanied by purulent discharge, pain in the lower abdomen, formation of adhesions, deterioration of fertility
  • Transformation into malignant tumors. Malignancy of polyps occurs in 1-2% of cases. Risk factors include: age over 45-50 years, hormonal disorders, presence of atypical cells in biopsy, large or multiple neoplasms
  • Growth and enlargement of polyps. Without removal, they increase in size, increase pain and pressure on surrounding tissues, leading to deformation of the uterine cavity, blockage of the cervical canal
  • Menstrual irregularities. Polyps can cause long and painful periods, shortened or extended cycles

The long-term presence of a polyp complicates the natural outflow of menstrual blood and creates a favorable environment for the growth of pathogenic flora. This leads to frequent exacerbations of endometritis, inflammation of the appendages, and chronic pelvic pain. In addition, the neoplasm threatens the appearance of focal endometrial hyperplasia, which increases the risk of bleeding and oncological changes.

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Pregnancy after removal of a polyp in the uterus

Endometrial polyps can interfere with pregnancy for the following reasons:

  • Mechanical barrier - a large polyp or several formations block the entrance to the fallopian tube, preventing the embryo from attaching to the uterine wall
  • Chronic inflammation - the ability of the endometrium to accept a fertilized egg is impaired
  • Hormonal imbalance - excess estrogen negatively affects ovulation and the endometrial preparation phase
  • Immune reactions - polyps provoke an increased level of local immune response, which complicates implantation

Removal of the polyp significantly increases the chances of conception, provided that no other causes of infertility have been identified. After hysteroscopy, pregnancy can be planned in 1-2 menstrual cycles in the absence of complications and complete restoration of the uterus. If hormonal therapy has been prescribed, planning is possible after completing the course and receiving permission from the doctor. If additional treatment was carried out due to a relapse, it is necessary to wait 3 to 6 months to conceive.

To increase the chances of successful conception, it is recommended to follow a number of rules:

  1. Undergo a full examination after surgery - ultrasound, smears, tests for hormones and infections
  2. Monitor hormonal levels if your cycle is irregular or if there are signs of hyperestrogenism
  3. Monitor ovulation using tests or folliculometry
  4. Avoid stress, hypothermia, physical overexertion
  5. Take vitamin complexes and folic acid

If pregnancy does not occur within 6-12 months after removal of polyps, in vitro fertilization or artificial insemination may be performed.

In rare cases, placental polyps may recur during pregnancy. It is important to know:

  • Pregnancy is not terminated if the tumor does not cause bleeding or threat of miscarriage
  • Removal of a polyp is carried out only according to strict indications
  • In most cases, neoplasms do not affect the development of the fetus and disappear on their own after birth

Regular observation by a gynecologist helps to control the situation and, if necessary, carry out surgical intervention in a timely manner.

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Cost of surgery to remove a polyp in the uterus

The cost of surgery to remove a polyp in the uterus depends on the following factors:

  • Size and number of neoplasms. Removing multiple or large polyps requires more time and resources
  • Concomitant pathologies (adhesions, endometrial hyperplasia, fibroids). With combined interventions, the cost increases
  • Conducting a histological examination. The removed material is always sent for analysis, which may be included in the price or paid for separately

The cost of removing a polyp in the uterus is also affected by medication, follow-up ultrasound, doctor's consultation and follow-up appointments.

You can undergo surgical treatment of polyps in Moscow at the K+31 clinic. We employ qualified specialists who use modern technologies and European protocols. In complex cases, when a joint assessment and development of a treatment plan is required, consultations are held.

Medical center K+31 is equipped with its own laboratory, which allows to obtain fast and accurate results of diagnostic procedures. To find out the cost of services, study the price list on our website or call by phone. The clinic administrator will promptly guide you on prices and select a convenient time for an appointment.

Cost of surgery to remove a polyp in the uterus

If you have polyps in the uterus, do not delay treatment. Our medical center has all the latest methods for removing neoplasms, which provide a high-quality result. We consider each case individually. Operations are performed under anesthesia, which guarantees the absence of pain during and after the intervention.

Gomov Mikhail Aleksandrovich
Consultant in oncogynecology, obstetrician-gynecologist

Questions and Answers

Is it possible to get pregnant with a uterine polyp?

Yes, you can get pregnant. In rare cases, polyps prevent the implantation of a fertilized egg, cause inflammation, and block the fallopian tube.

Pregnancy with a polyp is considered risky because it can increase in size, cause bleeding or miscarriage. It is important to undergo an examination before conception and make sure there are no neoplasms.

On what day of the cycle is the removal of a uterine polyp performed?

The operation is performed on the 6th-10th day of the menstrual cycle, immediately after the end of menstruation. During this period, the thickness of the endometrium decreases, which makes it easy to detect polyps and completely remove them.

How long after removing a uterine polyp can you have sex?

You can resume your intimate life after 2 weeks if there are no complications and after consulting a doctor.

On what day of your period can you do a hysteroscopy?

Hysteroscopy is performed on the 6th-10th day of the menstrual cycle. The thin endometrium provides better visualization of the uterine cavity and rapid detection of pathologies.

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Udin Oleg Ivanovich
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Reviews 6

The doctor is a professional, that's clear right away. I'll definitely come back to him for my health.
01.10.2025
Sch. Irina Gennadievna
I express my deepest, most sincere gratitude to the K+31 clinic and personally to its highly skilled surgeon, Oleg Ivanovich Yudin! I want to share my amazing experience of treatment at your clinic. I had a gallbladder removal, and the results exceeded all my expectations. Oleg Ivanovich, you are a magician! Your professionalism, calm confidence, and attentive attention to all my questions before the surgery completely dispelled any fears. Thank you for your golden hands and sensitive heart. I especially want to highlight your unique approach to anesthesia. I couldn't have imagined such a gentle anesthesia! I woke up easily, without any unpleasant consequences. And the most incredible thing is that just two hours after the surgery, I was fully conscious, feeling great, and already participating in an online meeting! For me, this is the main indicator of the precision work of the entire team. A huge thank you to all the medical staff in the surgical department: the attentive and kind nurses, anesthesiologists, and orderlies. You surrounded me with such care that my hospital stay felt more like a vacation. I can't help but mention the amazing conditions in the ward: modern equipment, cleanliness, comfort, and attention to detail create an atmosphere that in itself promotes recovery. And, of course, thank you to the department managers and administrators. You are always available, and all issues are resolved quickly, efficiently, and with unfailing kindness. K+31 Clinic is an impeccable standard of medicine, where the patient, their comfort, and their health come first. I recommend you to everyone I know and wish you prosperity with all my heart!
30.09.2025
K. Julia
Good afternoon! I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Oleg Ivanovich Yudin, an excellent surgeon, highly qualified professional, and kind person. I would also like to thank Anton Ivanovich Grechin for his professionalism and attentiveness. Managers Yulia and Ekaterina effectively assist their colleagues and patients, and I thank them. Sincerely, S.I.
29.09.2025
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I trust Dr. Malygin, and this is the most important thing for a patient.
28.09.2025
A. Zarema Asulovna
A competent doctor. He performed the surgery perfectly. I recommend him.
26.09.2025
K. Alexey Alexandrovich
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Oleg Ivanovich Yudin (the operating surgeon) and Dr. Tigran Grachyaevich Dzavayal, as well as the clinic staff, for the surgery and the high level of medical care provided. The organization of the work deserves special praise: the doctors checked on my condition several times daily, explained everything in detail, and created an atmosphere of confidence. The rooms are modern, comfortable, and clean, with all the necessary amenities. I thank you for your professionalism and attentive care of your patients.
24.09.2025
U. Irina Viktorovna
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