Laparoscopic surgery

Contraindications for laparoscopy

Restrictions for surgical intervention are:

• exacerbation of infectious diseases;
• adhesions after previous abdominal surgery;
• the patient has AIDS/HIV, hepatitis B or C, syphilis;
• inflammatory process in the place where the operation is supposed;
• some diseases - diabetes, tuberculosis in the stage of decompensation, cardiovascular, severe renal and hepatic insufficiency;
• pathology of the hematopoietic system (poor blood clotting, thrombophlebitis);
• pregnancy and lactation.

Laparoscopic surgery is not performed on immunocompromised or severely ill patients until their condition has stabilized. After treatment, the doctor prescribes surgery.

How laparoscopy is done

The diagnostic and therapeutic procedure is carried out using the same technology. The difference is in the purpose of the surgical intervention and the result obtained. General anesthesia is always used during laparoscopy.

At the preoperative stage, the patient undergoes a complete diagnosis. It includes the study of internal organs (ultrasound, MRI, radiography, CT), urine and blood tests (group and Rh, formula, infections, tumor markers, coagulogram). In gynecology, smears are also taken from the vagina for microflora and infections. At the consultation, the doctor additionally describes to the patient how the preparation should go.

During laparoscopy of the intestine or esophagus, small external incisions are made on the skin, through which tubes with instruments are inserted in close proximity to the pathology focus. This method differs from endoscopy, where the endoscope enters through natural openings in the body (through the mouth or rectum) and then moves through the intestine to a predetermined location.

The laparoscopic operation takes place in several stages:

1. The patient is placed on the operating table, anesthesia is performed. The area of the future operation is disinfected.
2. A small incision is made at the navel, where a laparoscope with a camera is inserted. Carbon dioxide enters through the opening into the abdominal cavity or pelvis (depending on the site of the surgical intervention). As a result of this, the cavity expands, the internal organs straighten out. The doctor has space for the operation.
3. The surgeon makes punctures no larger than 5–10 mm in diameter on the abdominal wall, where he inserts miniature instruments. The operation process is controlled on the monitor, which displays the image from the laparoscope camera, magnified tenfold.
4. During the diagnostic procedure, the doctor examines the condition of the patient's organs, soft tissues, and mucous membranes. When foci of inflammation or neoplasms are detected, a tissue sample is taken for analysis (cell biopsy). If gaps are detected, he sews them up or installs clamps.
5. During the treatment procedure, the surgeon, using special instruments, makes incisions, stitches, removes stones, adhesions, installs a drain or stent, amputates a small organ or gland, based on the purpose of the operation.
6. At the final stage, the instruments are removed through the punctures and external sutures are applied in their place. The laparoscope is removed and the navel is sutured. The assistant disinfects the wounds and applies sterile dressings or plasters. After that, the patient is transferred to the ward.

The operation is performed manually or using robotic technology. But the surgeon always controls the entire process on the monitor and equipment manipulator. The duration of the procedure ranges from 40 minutes to several hours, depending on the complexity of the work. Surgical treatment takes longer than diagnosis. The patient spends 1 day in the clinic, after which he can go home.

Advantages of laparoscopic surgery

Compared to abdominal surgery, laparoscopy allows you to:

• Increase the safety of the operation - all movements of microinstruments are controlled on the monitor in multiple magnification. The doctor can only remove damaged tissues without touching healthy ones.
• Reduce blood loss - small punctures on the outside after suturing practically do not bleed. On the internal organs, the surgeon performs work with pinpoint accuracy, minimizing injury.
• Reduce postoperative pain - minimal damage to the skin, muscles and nerve endings.
• Speed up rehabilitation - you can return to your normal life faster than with abdominal surgery.
• Rapid discharge home - the patient stays in the clinic for 1-6 days.
• Get a good cosmetic effect - puncture scars become almost invisible over time.

Despite the quick recovery, after laparoscopy, it is also necessary to follow the doctor's recommendations to avoid complications and speedy recovery. On the first day, it is important not to wet the wounds. In the next 2 weeks, it is not recommended to visit baths and saunas, swim in open water and baths. You can go in for sports and lift weights (more than 3 kg) no earlier than after 1-3 months, which depends on the specifics of the surgical intervention. The doctor at the reception gives additional recommendations for wound care and prescribes painkillers for the period of treatment (if necessary).

Laparoscopy at K+31 medical centers

The surgical department of the K + 31 clinic is equipped with high-precision and advanced equipment. For patients, there are 7 operating rooms and comfortable wards with attentive staff. According to the Fast Track system, the period of hospitalization is reduced to 1-2 days. The department works around the clock, and the diagnostic center, resuscitation and operating rooms - seven days a week.

To make an appointment with a surgeon, find out more about the prices for services, personal promotions or additional information, you need to call the registry at the indicated phone number. Online registration is also possible. In the relevant sections of the site you will find information and reviews about the doctors of the clinic, reviews, contacts of departments and prices for laparoscopy.