Reconstructive urology
Urology, also known as plastic surgery, includes a number of surgical procedures that correct developmental anomalies of the urinary system. This surgery restores normal function to the bladder, ureter, and urethra. Plastic surgery of the urinary system also makes it possible to successfully correct congenital malformations.
Various reasons serve as the basis for plastic urological surgery.
For example, urethral plastic surgery is most often performed to treat a condition called stricture, when the lumen of the urethra narrows, leading to a weakened urine flow and problems associated with ejaculation.
Bladder plastic surgery is performed for certain conditions that lead to damage to the bladder walls, its mucosa, or the neck of the urinary tract. Surgical intervention, which corrects ureteral anomalies, is required in cases of ureteral stenosis, extensive defects, damage to the ureteral pelvis, kidney, and in some other cases.
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Types of surgeries
Depending on the type of organ requiring surgery, the following is performed:
- Bladder plastic surgery
- Surgery to correct urethral pathologies
- Plastic surgery to normalize the ureter
Preparation and performance of surgery
During the preoperative phase, the patient is diagnosed to detect any urinary tract infections. Appropriate tests are taken, including one that determines blood clotting ability. Allergic reactions to certain medications are identified. A bacteriological examination is performed.
Surgery to reconstruct the ureter and other urinary tract organs is performed under general anesthesia. In certain cases, a special catheter is inserted to allow urine drainage in the postoperative days. The surgery is performed using a surgical technique appropriate for the specific pathological abnormalities.
For plastic surgery of urinary tract organs, an autograft is often used. It is prepared in advance by resecting a segment of the patient's intestine or taking a flap from the bladder. The specific material used for the autograft depends on the organ being surgically treated.
Recovery
The recovery period after urethral plastic surgery or other organ replacement ranges from 1 to several weeks. If an autograft was used, it is important for it to take. If a catheter was inserted, the patient is discharged when it is no longer necessary, urinating spontaneously, and there is no blood in the urine.
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Contraindications
Ureteral plastic surgery and other urinary tract surgery are not performed in the following cases: