Diseases of the urinary system are diverse in the specifics of their development, localization and symptomatology. They are among the most common among all bacterial infections. Among women, about 50% suffer from them at least once a year. As for men under 35, the figure is 15%, and at the age of 50+, this pathology is much more common. This is due to age-related diseases of the prostate. Pathological conditions are accompanied by intense pain, discomfort in the groin area, hyperthermia and impaired functioning of the genital organs.
Diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the urinary system in the clinic "K + 31" is carried out by experienced specialists. Patients are guaranteed to receive the most effective result without complications.
Specific development
Despite the fact that everyone has the same bladder, there are significant differences in the features of the urinary tract (MP) themselves. This determines the specificity of the development of urological pathologies.
The urinary duct in women is shorter, because of this feature, the infection is easier to develop further and, for example, pass into the bladder. Urethritis, cystitis is more common in women, because. bacteria provoke inflammation in these organs. The infection enters the urinary canal also in the absence of proper intimate hygiene or during sexual contact.
In men, the urethra is narrow and long, and the urethra passes through the prostate. This unpaired organ is responsible for the production of ejaculate and a special secret.
Diseases of the genitourinary system in men occur with sexually transmitted infections. With an increase in the prostate in size, the urinary canal is compressed, which provokes stagnation of urine and contributes to the reproduction of pathogenic microflora.
Classification
The division of infections takes into account several criteria:
- Localization. The upper (this includes two kidneys and the ureter), as well as the lower sections (includes urinary, urethra) can be affected. The latter variant is diagnosed more often.
- Features of the flow. Pathology is of two types. Uncomplicated (there is no violation in the full outflow of urine, there are also no concomitant pathologies and changes in the urinary tract) or complicated. The occurrence of the latter is provoked by any infections that enter the genitourinary apparatus.
In women, pathology can be triggered by two reasons, the presence of atypical microorganisms or a violation that can be anatomical or functional in nature. This provokes a delay in the outflow of urine, a decrease in immunity.
Types of pathogens
Infections of the genitourinary system are conditionally divided into two blocks, which have characteristic differences.
The appearance of specific infections lead to:
- Gonococci. Gram-negative diplococcus, which triggers the inflammatory process. In women, this occurs in the urethral mucosa, as well as in the cervical canal and the gland of the vestibule of the vagina. In men, it “attacks” only the mucous membrane covering the urethra. Causes the following diseases: urethritis, cystitis, cervicitis, vulvovaginitis, etc.
- Chlamydia. A bacterium that multiplies inside cells. It provokes urethritis, cystitis, orchitis, prostatitis. Chlamydia is diagnosed in 20% of STIs.
- Trichomonas. A microorganism that triggers an inflammatory process in women that affects the tissues of the vagina and the epithelium of the cervix. In the representatives of the stronger sex, inflammation occurs in the prostate, urethra, testicles.
The development of nonspecific urogenital infections is explained by the high activity of opportunistic flora. These microorganisms are present in every organism, but in moderate amounts. When “favorable” factors and conditions are created, their number grows rapidly and exceeds the permissible norm.
The main pathogens of the genitourinary system include:
- E. coli. Normally located in the rectum. When penetrating into the genitourinary system, it provokes cystitis, pyelonephritis.
- Staphylococcus aureus. Usually present on the surface of the skin and mucous membranes. But in certain situations it provokes inflammation in the MP.
- Klebsiella. It is present in the intestinal microflora of each person. When penetrating into the urinary canals, it provokes the development of cystitis or pyelonephritis, in men - prostatitis.
- Proteus. The microorganism is in the intestines, after entering the genitourinary system, it provokes chronic inflammation.
But other pathogens can also cause urological diseases.
Causes of diseases of the urinary system
Inflammation of the organs of the urinary tract, for example, the kidneys, the prostate gland, is possible at any age.
Specialists identify a number of triggers that increase the risk of illness. These include:
- anomalies or injuries of the urinary system (including those provoked by surgery);
- endocrine disorders;
- immunodeficiency conditions and disorders that lead to a decrease in immunity (for example, diabetes);
- chronic stress;
- bad habits;
- venereal diseases;
- people with a urinary catheter;
- pathologies, the presence of which impedes the full outflow of urine (prostate adenoma, kidney stones);
- hypothermia;
- non-observance of personal hygiene;
- chronic constipation;
- pregnancy.
In the elderly, diseases are mainly provoked by incomplete emptying of the bladder.
Clinical manifestations
Complaints faced by patients with urological ailments can be varied. But some of the symptoms are almost always present:
- frequent urge to urinate;
- an increase in lymph nodes localized in the groin;
- nausea (sometimes with vomiting);
- change in the smell and color of urine, the appearance of a specific sediment;
- appetite reduction;
- pain, pain and discomfort during urination;
- discomfort in the abdomen, lower back;
- temperature increase;
- discomfort during sex.
In the representatives of the stronger sex, in addition to the described signs, there are rashes on the penis, swelling of the scrotum is noted. In women, intense vaginal discharge is possible, as well as bleeding from the genital tract, which are not associated with the cycle.
Many times, MP diseases are asymptomatic. This not only makes them difficult to diagnose, but also leads to chronic infections that are difficult to treat.
