Ultrasound in urology — diagnostics of the genitourinary system with Dopplerography
Urological ultrasound is an ultrasound examination of the organs of the genitourinary system: kidneys, ureters, bladder, prostate, scrotum and adrenal glands. It is the primary tool of urological diagnosis: non-invasive, painless, without radiation exposure, with instant results.
At K+31, urological ultrasound is performed on expert—class devices with mandatory Dopplerography - blood flow assessment in the renal arteries, vessels of the prostate gland and organs of the scrotum. This expands diagnostic capabilities and allows not only to "see" the change, but also to assess its vascularization — a key feature in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors.
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What is examined during urological ultrasound?
Kidneys and adrenal glands
Revealed:
- Urolithiasis — concretions in the pelvis, cups, and ureters
- Hydronephrosis is an enlargement of the heart due to a violation of the outflow of urine
- Pyelonephritis (acute and chronic)
- Kidney cysts (simple and complicated)
- Kidney tumors — angiomyolipoma, kidney cancer, transitional cell carcinoma
- Developmental anomalies: horseshoe-shaped kidney, dystopia, doubling of heart rate
- Tumors of the adrenal glands, including pheochromocytoma
- Renal artery stenosis (with Doppler)
Bladder and urethra
Revealed:
- Cystitis is a thickening of the walls, a "deposit" in the cavity
- Diverticula of the bladder
- Stones and foreign bodies
- Polyps and tumors of the bladder
- An increase in residual urine (>50 ml is a sign of dysfunction or infravesical obstruction)
- Urethral strictures
Prostate gland
TRUS is the gold standard of prostate imaging: the distance from the sensor to the gland is minimal, the resolution is maximum.
Revealed:
- Benign hyperplasia (BPH/adenoma) — size, intravesical component
- Prostatitis — structural changes, hypoechoic zones
- Prostate cancer — focal changes, disruption of capsule structure (biopsy under the control of TRUZI at K+31)
- Prostate stones
- Prostate abscess
Scrotum and testicles
The high-frequency sensor provides a detailed picture of the structure and blood flow.
Revealed:
- Varicocele is an enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord (assessed in standing and lying positions)
- Hydrocele (testicular dropsy)
- Orchitis and epididymitis
- Testicular torsion is an emergency condition; the doppler shows a lack of blood flow
- Testicular tumors
- Appendage cysts
Indications for urological ultrasound
Urgent investigation (contact us immediately):
- Acute pain in the lower back or groin (suspected renal colic or testicular torsion)
- Blood in urine (hematuria)
- Acute urinary retention
- Injury to the lumbar or groin area
Routine indications — men:
- Difficulty or rapid urination, nocturia — screening of BPH and prostate cancer
- Pain in the perineum, feeling of incomplete emptying — suspected prostatitis
- Infertility — assessment of seminal vesicles, prostate, varicocele
- Erectile dysfunction — doppler penile arteries
- PSA enhancement — targeted monitoring and biopsy under pressure
- Pain or a change in the shape of the scrotum
Routine indications — women:
- Recurrent urinary tract infections (cystitis, pyelonephritis)
- Lower back pain, swelling
- Leukocytes and blood in a general urinalysis
- Hypertension that cannot be corrected is the exclusion of a renovascular cause
- Control after urinary tract surgery
Types of urological ultrasound in K+31
| Method | Authorities | Access | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| Transabdominal | Kidneys, bladder, adrenal glands | Through the abdominal wall | Requires a filled bubble |
| FRIENDS | Prostate gland, seminal vesicles | Transrectally | The highest accuracy for the prostate |
| Transurethral | Urethra | Through the urethral catheter | Rare, for special indications |
| Ultrasound of the scrotum | Testicles, appendages, vessels | Scrotum sensor | High frequency sensor |
| Dopplerography | Vessels of the kidneys, prostate, penis | Can be combined with any method | Blood flow assessment |
General information
Preparation for urological ultrasound
Ultrasound of the kidneys and adrenal glands:
- Preferably on an empty stomach (or 4 hours after a light meal)
- Eliminate gas-forming products in 2-3 days
Ultrasound of the bladder (transabdominal):
- Drink 1-1.5 liters of water in 1-1.5 hours, do not urinate
Prostate PROBLEMS:
- Cleansing enema or microclyster 1-2 hours before the study
- Empty bladder
Ultrasound of the scrotum:
- No special training is required
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Which is better — CT or ultrasound to diagnose renal colic?
A CT scan without contrast is the "gold standard" for detecting ureteral calculi. However, ultrasound is the first and affordable step: it shows well stones in the pelvis, hydronephrosis, signs of obstruction. If the ultrasound picture is ambiguous, the doctor prescribes a CT scan.
Does it hurt to do TRUSI?
There is discomfort, but no pain. The sensor is small in diameter; the procedure takes 10-15 minutes. If there is inflammation, there may be minor soreness. — inform your doctor about this before the examination.
At what age do men need to have a prostate ultrasound?
After 40-45 years — annually as part of preventive screening. With a hereditary predisposition to prostate cancer — from 35-40 years. With the symptoms of a violation urination — at any age.
Is it possible to drink water before kidney ultrasound?
Yes, a small amount of water is allowed. A filled bladder is not required for ultrasound of the kidneys, unlike ultrasound of the bladder.
Will ultrasound show kidney cancer?
Yes. Ultrasound is one of the most effective methods of primary detection of kidney cancer. Formations from 1 cm are usually clearly visible. If a suspicious node is detected, CT or MRI with contrast is prescribed to clarify the characteristics.
Do I need to have an ultrasound scan of the scrotum for varicocele?
Yes, this is a mandatory diagnostic step. Ultrasound with Doppler evaluates the degree of varicocele, the diameter of the veins at rest and during the Valsalva test, as well as the condition of the testicle and its trophism. This determines the treatment strategy.
Is it possible to combine ultrasound and MRI of the prostate?
Yes, and this is practiced in cases of suspected cancer: mmMRI (multiparametric MRI) + ULTRASOUND with biopsy under cognitive navigation — the modern standard for prostate cancer diagnosis. At K+31, both methods are available in one session.
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