Seborrheic Dermatitis in Children
In the first six months of a child's life, 70% of cases are associated with a condition called infantile seborrheic dermatitis. Parents often worry about their baby's well-being, noticing so-called cradle cap on their scalp.
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Classification of seborrheic dermatitis in children
Seborrheic dermatitis in children is divided into two main types:
- Neonatal - this form develops primarily during the first six months of life and is characterized by the appearance of dense yellowish formations on the scalp.
- Juvenile - this form is diagnosed in adolescents aged 11 to 18 years, characterized by the formation of superficial deposits on the face and scalp.
The variety of clinical signs requires close medical observation and timely selection of individualized therapy to improve skin condition and reduce the risk of complications.
Depending on the specific location of the lesions, doctors classify individual types of seborrheic dermatitis:
- Otolaryngological: The tissues of the ear canals are affected, although the symptoms are somewhat similar to other outer ear diseases
- Chronic spotted: Characterized by its duration, alternating phases of remission and recurrence
- Asbestiform: Characterized by the formation of large clusters of whitish keratinized cells that form layered structures on the scalp
Causes of seborrheic dermatitis in children
The factors that contribute to seborrheic dermatitis vary depending on the specific stage of the disease. In early childhood, increased sebaceous gland volume and overactivity play a key role. Predisposing factors include high levels of maternal sex hormones delivered to the fetus in utero and excessive production of corticosteroids.
A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of seborrheic dermatitis development allows for timely diagnosis and effective treatment strategies.
As for the adolescent stage, the range of provoking factors includes:
- Malassezia fungi Children's skin microflora is represented by a wide range of microorganisms, but members of the Malassezia genus play a key role in the development of inflammatory processes
- Fat metabolism imbalance Research shows a clear link between the development of seborrheic dermatitis and changes in the blood lipid profile. Children with high cholesterol and triglyceride levels are much more susceptible to the disease
- Hormonal changes Adolescence is characterized by sharp fluctuations in the concentration of key sex hormones, which lead to increased activity of the sebaceous glands, especially those located on the face, scalp, chest, and back. This imbalance leads to the formation of a greasy film on the skin, creating favorable conditions for the proliferation of pathogenic flora
- Neurological component Patients with severe neurological diseases, such as cerebral palsy and myasthenia gravis, are prone to seborrheic dermatitis. Its manifestations are widespread, likely due to a lack of normal physical activity and the accompanying increase in sebum production
- Immunodeficiencies Diseases that lead to a decrease in the body's immune defenses, including primary immune system disorders and human immunodeficiency virus infection, increase the risk of infection by 3-4 times. A weakened immune system allows pathogens to proliferate unchecked, causing the clinical signs of seborrheic dermatitis
General information
Symptoms of Seborrheic Dermatitis in Children
Seborrheic dermatitis in newborns, the treatment of which requires a comprehensive approach, often appears first on the scalp just a couple of weeks after birth. The resulting oily, golden-yellowish crusts are most intense on the forehead.
Redness and flaking of the skin behind the ears and in the area where hair begins to grow are also noted. Over time, the rash gradually migrates to other areas of the natural folds of the epidermis, such as the armpits and perineum. These areas are characterized by pinpoint rashes, skin irritation, and tissue swelling due to prolonged exposure to moisture.
Children's seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by minimal discomfort. Only when the rash is widespread may mild itching and discomfort occur. However, as the disease progresses to a severe form, the picture changes dramatically: in addition to redness and extensive peeling of the skin, digestive problems develop. The newborn refuses to breastfeed or bottle-feed, and body temperature rises.
As for the juvenile form of seborrheic dermatitis, it is most often localized in the face and hair area. This is where the sebaceous glands, sensitive to sex hormones, are located, whose function depends on fluctuations in endocrine levels. Unlike in younger age groups, the scalp of adolescents becomes covered with small, flake-like particles called dandruff, and the surface of the smooth skin exhibits patches of redness and swelling covered with a yellow coating.
During puberty, the disease is further complicated by a significant number of discomforts. Adolescent patients experience excruciating itching in the affected areas, often to the point of injuring the skin with nails. A burning sensation and pain may also occur. In addition to the traditional elements (crusts and redness), small bright red nodules appear on the face, shoulders and chest.
Treatment prices for seborrheic dermatitis in children in Moscow
The cost of treating seborrheic dermatitis in children in Moscow depends on several factors, including:
- The complexity of the case - the larger the affected area and the more complex the situation, the more expensive the treatment will be.
- Therapies used - the doctor may prescribe special creams, ointments, physical therapy, or even laser treatment - the price of each drug and method varies.
- A doctor's consultation - sometimes it is necessary to see not only a dermatologist, but also, for example, a gastroenterologist, nutritionist, or allergist.
We recommend treating seborrheic dermatitis at the K+31 Clinic - our experienced doctors will quickly identify the cause and select an effective treatment. You can find out the exact price for your child's treatment by calling +7 (495) 106-56-76 or by leaving a request on the clinic's website.
Questions and Answers
Can adults catch seborrheic dermatitis from a child?
Is there a vaccine for childhood seborrheic dermatitis?
Is it possible for a child to develop chronic seborrhea?
Are there any home remedies for seborrheic dermatitis?
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What is seborrheic dermatitis?
Childhood seborrhea is a specific epidermal condition characterized by persistent dysfunction of the sebaceous glands and a pathological process of skin inflammation. In clinical practice, two disease patterns are distinguished: early manifestation (childhood type) and late development (adolescent type).
Seborrheic dermatitis in newborns is the most common childhood dermatological disorder, most often recorded in the first three months of life. The disease is predominantly seen in boys. This condition causes significant physical discomfort for patients and also causes emotional distress in older children and adolescents due to its aesthetically unappealing appearance.