Diagnosis and removal of benign tumors
At the K+31 clinic you can undergo diagnostics using modern equipment, and, if necessary, perform surgery. Removing a benign tumor allows you to get rid of problems at an early stage, without waiting for future injury or the tumor to degenerate into cancer.
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What is a benign tumor
- Slow growth and external changes in color, density and shape.
- Focal location in one layer of tissue, without penetration into adjacent ones.
- No metastases.
- Good prognosis with surgical treatment.
- Minimal risk of relapse.
New growths appear due to improper cell division, which is reflected by external changes in tissues. A benign tumor is a pathological formation that does not contain cancer cells. It can occur on the skin of the face, arms, legs, genitals and other parts of the body in a certain place. Consists of epithelial, muscle or fat tissue cells.
A benign neoplasm from squamous or columnar epithelium is called epithelioma and has many varieties. Lipomas are formed by the chaotic growth of adipose tissue. Most often they are located in the subcutaneous layers and are easily palpable. If the cells of the glands do not divide properly, adenomas may appear, and fibromas may appear from the connective tissue.
This is possible under the following conditions:
- Infection due to mechanical injury.
- Failure of the immune or endocrine system.
- Hereditary factor.
- Increased insolation.
Under the influence of ultraviolet radiation, moles, papillomas, condylomas, age spots and other neoplasms can grow and transform into melanoma. This cancer requires special treatment and is a contraindication to surgery. To exclude oncology, you will need to undergo an examination before removing tumors on the skin.
- Moles are round pigmented nevi.
- Papillomas are voluminous dark formations on a stalk or flat sole.
- Warts are flat, pale nodules.
- Condylomas are pointed neoplasms.
- Hemangiomas - formed from cells of the vascular walls, can appear on the skin or mucous membrane in the form of a red or bluish abscess.
- Birthmarks of different shapes.
- Age-related keratomas are voluminous, loose and horny warts of gray or dark color that appear in old age.
How are tumors diagnosed?
Periodic scheduled examinations by a dermatologist are the prevention of pathologies. If moles or warts are 10 mm in diameter, asymmetrical in shape, dark in color, cause pain when pressed, and their number on the body has recently increased, the doctor will refer you for laboratory and instrumental diagnostics.
Dermatoscopy
This method of hardware diagnostics uses special high-resolution optics. The doctor examines the tumors using a dermatoscope with a built-in magnifying glass and backlight.
First, a special gel is applied to the area under study to reduce the reflection of light from the skin surface. Thanks to this, it is possible to examine in detail the shape and texture of formations without error, and make an accurate diagnosis.
Visual dermatoscopy has no contraindications and is performed even on small children.
Scraping of superficial tissues
This technique is used to study weeping wounds and purulent formations. A small amount of liquid is collected from the surface using a sterile spatula and transferred to glass. The sample is sent for laboratory analysis. The result shows the presence or absence of atypical cells.
Cytology
To clarify the nature of the formation, if cancer is suspected or if test results are unsatisfactory, a puncture is prescribed. It is also carried out instead of scraping with a clean surface of the skin. With the help of the study, you can determine a benign tumor, precancerous or cancerous condition in any organs and tissues.
Procedure algorithm:
- Disinfection of the surface of a mole, wart, wen or other skin formation.
- Collecting cells using a medical syringe with a thin needle.
- Cytological cell analysis of the obtained punctate in the laboratory.
In the process of laboratory research, a composition colored with special dyes is studied. The technique allows us to make an accurate diagnosis with a 95% probability.
Histology
A laboratory diagnostic technique in which a morphological analysis of removed biomaterial or after a biopsy is carried out. A specialist examines excised tumor particles under a microscope. After evaluating the result, you can make a diagnosis with maximum accuracy. With the help of histological examination, it is possible to determine a precancerous condition or cancer in the early stages (melanoma, basal cell carcinoma), and the degree of damage to surrounding tissues.
If a benign neoplasm is detected, the morphological description in the annex to the analysis will help the doctor determine treatment tactics and select the necessary medications. In most cases, surgery is prescribed.
Ultrasound
Ultrasound diagnostics is carried out for subcutaneous formations, the examination of which is difficult visually. Based on the results of the ultrasound, the specialist can tell about the type of formation, its size, depth of penetration, and internal content.
If the research data is insufficient, the doctor may prescribe a CT or MRI.
Indications for surgery
- Too many moles on the body (more than 100).
- Genetic predisposition to oncology (relatives diagnosed with melanoma or other types of skin cancer).
- Availability of aesthetic indications.
- Diagnosed human papillomavirus.
- High risk of injury to space-occupying formations (located in places of constant friction with clothing).
- The presence of senile birthmarks.
Nevi, condylomas and papillomas can grow over time. It is better to get diagnosed and get rid of them at an early stage. If tests show the presence of atypical cells, the patient has systemic blood diseases or complex autoimmune diseases in the acute stage, this is a contraindication to surgery.
Removal methods
Removing tumors using a scalpel
The classical method of surgical intervention is more often used on internal organs or when it is necessary to excise the edges of a laceration, lipoma, or necrotic tissue. The disadvantage of this method is that there is a high probability of injuring healthy tissue, leaving a scar.
A modern alternative to a scalpel is a radio wave knife.
Laser removal of tumors
The most common and effective method. It is used for excision of moles, papillomas and warts, the diameter of which does not exceed 20 mm. With laser removal of tumors, no scars are left on the skin and healthy tissue is not damaged. A laser can be used to cut off a formation on a flat sole or on a thin stalk, while the edges of the tissue are immediately “sealed” under the influence of high temperature, and there is no bleeding.
Electrocoagulation
Removal of benign tumors occurs under the influence of electric current. Small formations are destroyed during the electrocoagulation process and then naturally separated from the surface of the skin.
Cryodestruction
The method is similar to electrocoagulation, but cold nitrogen is used instead of current. When exposed to extremely low temperatures, cells are destroyed. This method is used to remove tumors on the face and genitals.
Removal of skin tumors at the K+31 clinic
At the initial appointment, the dermatologist conducts an examination, collects anamnesis, and prescribes tests. Based on their results, a treatment method is selected. If necessary, arranges for the patient to consult with related specialists.
The operation is performed on an outpatient basis if indicated. The patient arrives at the pre-arranged time. No special preparation is required before the procedure. In most cases, the tumor is removed using a laser or radio wave method. During the operation, local anesthesia is used.
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About the service
A benign formation can form not only in internal organs, but also on the skin. In this case, physical discomfort occurs, dissatisfaction with appearance, and self-esteem decreases (if the tumor is located in a visible place).
To select treatment options and get rid of the pathology, you should consult a dermatologist and undergo diagnostics.