Operative otolaryngology

Modern operative otorhinolaryngology (or otolaryngology) is a separate medical branch that deals with the surgical treatment of pathologies, birth defects, and traumatic injuries to the ear, nose and throat. This is necessary when conservative methods have been exhausted and have not given a positive result or in cases where surgical treatment is initially indicated.
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Types of surgical techniques in the ENT industry

Modern surgical otorhinolaryngology uses both classical and modern approaches to performing operations on the ENT organs and adjacent structures. However, traditional types of open operations are used only for extensive tissue damage, massive tumor formations or a large area of spread of the pathological process.

In other cases, ENT surgeons prefer to use minimally invasive and microinvasive techniques based on the following techniques:

  1. Radio wave knife. Performs tissue dissection using radio waves, avoiding bleeding and damage to structures outside the operation area
  2. The “laser scalpel” has a controlled beam length, so it helps to remove altered tissue without affecting healthy structures
  3. Endoscopic equipment with a tip in the form of a microdebrider (shaver) allows you to remove adenoids and tumors without affecting the vessels

Depending on the type of surgery performed, different types of anesthesia are used. This may include local applications, tampons, anesthetic injections, and preoperative sedative therapy. If a long, extensive intervention is necessary, general anesthesia is prescribed.

Types of surgical techniques in the ENT industry

Benefits of minimally invasive ENT surgeries

Benefits of minimally invasive ENT surgeries

In the ENT surgical department of the K+31 clinic in Moscow, all types of operations are performed. Specialists predominantly use minimally invasive techniques to significantly reduce the operation time and the patient’s recovery period, minimizing the risk of complications.

Advantages of minimally invasive ENT surgery:

  • Reducing injuries
  • Pain reduction
  • Absence of rough extensive postoperative scars
  • Good aesthetic effect
  • The risk of bleeding and infection is reduced to zero
  • Reducing the patient’s inpatient stay
  • Fast post-operative recovery

For operations in the nose, ear, nasopharynx, sinuses, and throat, an expert-class endoscopic system with optics is used that allows detailed visualization of the intervention site. For a detailed examination of tissues, a special ENT microscope is used.

Indications for operations in otolaryngology

Indications for surgical intervention can be emergency or planned, it depends on the type of pathology and the patient’s condition.

Emergency surgical otorhinolaryngology

Emergency surgical otorhinolaryngology can be used for:

  • Purulent inflammation of the middle ear
  • Abscesses of the ENT organs (retropharyngeal abscess)
  • Tumors, polyps on the vocal folds
  • Foreign body in the ear, nose, throat
  • Damage to the nasal septum
  • Injury to the ear, eardrum
  • Sinusitis, sinusitis with fluid or pus in the sinuses

Planned ENT surgeries

Planned ENT operations are performed in the following cases:

  • Chronic tonsillitis (tonsillectomy)
  • Cysts, polyps in the sinuses
  • Synechia (overgrowth of connective tissue, adhesions) in the nasal cavity
  • Vasomotor rhinitis
  • Parotid fistula
  • Obliteration of the ear canals
  • Deviated nasal septum
  • Adenoids
  • Snoring and apnea
  • Tear duct obstruction
  • New growths of ENT organs, etc.

Reconstructive pediatric and adult ENT surgery

Reconstructive pediatric and adult ENT surgery treats:

  • Deformations of the ears (treatment of protruding ears)
  • Congenital absence of ears
  • Cleft palate, cleft lip
  • Atresia of the auditory canal

ENT surgeons also install a cochlear implant to correct hearing loss.

General information about ENT operations

Diagnostics before ENT operations

In order to assess the risk of the patient’s condition, clarify the diagnosis and identify contraindications to surgical intervention, an examination is prescribed. Diagnostic measures are selected individually.

Laboratory tests, the results of which are needed by operative otorhinolaryngology:

  1. General clinical tests of blood and urine
  2. Biochemical tests of blood, urine
  3. Coagulogram
  4. Analysis for blood group and Rh factor
  5. Blood test for STIs: HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B, C

Hardware diagnostic methods used according to indications:

  • Fluorography
  • Electrocardiography
  • X-ray of the chest and head
  • Ultrasound of the throat, larynx, sinuses
  • Rhinomanometry
  • CT or MRI of structures, organs of the head, neck, skull bones
  • Audiometry to determine hearing acuity
  • Tympanometry to assess the functioning of the middle ear
  • Laryngoscopy – examination of the larynx using endoscopic equipment
  • Otoscopy – endoscopic examination of the ear canals, eardrum
  • Rhinoscopy - study of the nasal cavities, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses with an endoscope

Each patient is examined by a specialized doctor. Consultations with a therapist, anesthesiologist, ENT surgeon, and other specialists according to indications are scheduled. The preparatory program, diagnosis, and type of anesthesia are determined.

The decision about surgery is made by the attending physician, taking into account the results of all examinations and opinions of highly specialized specialists.

Diagnostics before ENT operations

Possible consequences of operations

If earlier operative otorhinolaryngology used classical techniques of open operations, today the vast majority of surgical interventions on the ENT organs are performed using minimally invasive techniques that significantly reduce the risk of postoperative complications.

Consequences often arise due to severe concomitant pathologies and violations of the rules of postoperative rehabilitation. Sometimes observed:

  • Bleeding
  • Infection of the surgical wound, inflammation, suppuration
  • Pain syndrome
  • Relapse of pathology
  • Neuralgia

Due to damage to nerve endings or the action of an anesthetic, there may be a loss of smell and a change in voice. With extensive injuries or interventions, damage to the facial nerve sometimes occurs.

Correct implementation of the doctor’s recommendations in the postoperative period, careful care of the surgical wound and taking prescribed medications reduces the risk of complications to a minimum. Minimally invasive surgical otorhinolaryngology promotes rapid recovery of patients without health consequences.

Possible consequences of operations

Rehabilitation after ENT surgeries

The duration of the recovery period and the necessary rehabilitation measures prescribed by the surgeon depend on the scope of the intervention, the type of operation and the presence of concomitant pathologies. The anesthesia used is also of great importance. The attending physician observes, advises the patient, and examines the surgical site until complete recovery.

Main rehabilitation stages:

  1. 2-3 hours after the intervention, the patient is in the clinic under the supervision of medical personnel. If necessary, the hospital stay is extended for several days
  2. The doctor prescribes a regimen of dressings, wound care and clinic visits, which must not be violated. The date of suture removal is also determined
  3. 5-7 days after the procedure, the patient needs to ensure physical rest. After permission, doctors gradually increase activity
  4. To make it easier to go through the recovery process and not subject the body to additional tests, you should follow a light diet that is balanced in vitamins and nutrients. You need to choose easily digestible steamed dishes, soups, souffles, porridges. If a special therapeutic diet is needed, it will be recommended by the attending physician
  5. You should not ignore taking medications and using medications prescribed by your doctor

The recovery plan includes physiotherapy and exercise therapy, which are selected individually and performed under the supervision of a physiotherapist and physical therapy doctor. Various types of massage (general, acupressure, therapeutic) and breathing exercises have a beneficial effect on the patient after ENT operations.

Rehabilitation after ENT surgeries

ENT surgeries at the K+31 clinic in Moscow

The advanced level of technical equipment of the clinics of the multidisciplinary medical center “K+31” (Moscow) allows you to perform all types of operations on the ENT organs for adults and children. Our experienced specialists adhere to the principles of evidence-based medicine and prescribe only those diagnostic and therapeutic methods that have been clinically tested and shown to be most effective. Each patient is individually assigned a diagnostic and treatment program, which includes only the necessary procedures and measures.

Conditions for obtaining the best results in ENT surgical practice:

  • Expert class equipment: endoscopes, radio wave units, laser devices
  • Good opportunities for outpatient and inpatient treatment
  • Diagnostic department and laboratory, allowing you to undergo a complete examination in one day
  • Comfortable conditions for placing patients in a 24-hour hospital
  • Possibility to call an ENT doctor at home
  • Full cycle of treatment with professional medical support: from outpatient consultations to the end of the rehabilitation period with full recovery
  • High-tech operations even in the most difficult cases with high-quality results
  • Close interdisciplinary interaction between the clinic’s doctors allows treatment to be carried out with the participation of specialized specialists. If necessary, patients are consulted and managed by an otoneurologist, phoniatrist, audiologist, dacryologist, maxillofacial surgeon, neurologist, dentist
  • Democratic prices, convenient forms of payment and only necessary doctor’s appointments make the high-quality medical services of the K+31 clinic accessible to everyone

Conservative and operative otorhinolaryngology at the Center is represented by a team of ENT doctors of a high professional level. Modern operations on the ENT organs not only eliminate disease or defects, but also improve the quality of life of our patients.

Our doctors

Sokolova Vera Nikolaevna
Experience 17 years
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Sokolova
Vera Nikolaevna
Otorhinolaryngologist, audiologist-otorhinolaryngologist
Spiranskaya Olga Aleksandrovna
Experience 19 years
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Spiranskaya
Olga Aleksandrovna
Head of the otolaryngology department, leading otolaryngologist, ENT surgeon, pediatric ENT
Tetzoeva Zalina Muratovna
Experience 25 years
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Tetzoeva
Zalina Muratovna
Deputy chief physician for outpatient care, otolaryngologist, surgeon
Kochetkova (Minavnina) Yulia Vladimirovna
Experience 14 years
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Kochetkova (Minavnina)
Yulia Vladimirovna
Leading otolaryngologist, ENT surgeon, pediatric ENT
Osipova Irina Andreevna
Experience 26 years
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Osipova
Irina Andreevna
Head of the center for otolaryngology and ENT rheumatology, otolaryngologist, surgeon, leading specialist, expert in ENT pathology in autoimmune diseases
Selenina Tatyana Vitalievna
Experience 22 years
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Selenina
Tatyana Vitalievna
ENT doctor
Lapshina Anastasia Andreevna
Experience 12 years
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Lapshina
Anastasia Andreevna
Otolaryngologist, audiologist
Samarin Nikolay Evgenyevich
Experience 19 years
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Samarin
Nikolay Evgenyevich
ENT doctor
Lopatin Andrew Stanislavovich
Experience 46 years
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Lopatin
Andrew Stanislavovich
Otorhinolaryngologist, surgeon
Portnyagina Maria Pavlovna
Experience 14 years
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Portnyagina
Maria Pavlovna
Audiologist-otorhinolaryngologist
Kaspranskaya Galina Rustemovna
Experience 21 year
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Kaspranskaya
Galina Rustemovna
Otorhinolaryngologist, otoneurologist, audiologist
Koblova Tatyana Alexandrovna
Experience 23 years
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Koblova
Tatyana Alexandrovna
ENT doctor
Varenkova Olga Vladimirovna
Experience 26 years
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Varenkova
Olga Vladimirovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Budeikina Liliya Sergeevna
Experience 12 years
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Budeikina
Liliya Sergeevna
Otorhinolaryngologist, phoniatrist
Kornienko Roman Anatolievich
Experience 28 years
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Kornienko
Roman Anatolievich
Otorhinolaryngologist
Budnitskaya Elena Vasilievna
Experience 13 years
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Budnitskaya
Elena Vasilievna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Varvyanskaya Anastasia Vladimirovna
Experience 22 years
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Varvyanskaya
Anastasia Vladimirovna
Otolaryngologist, surgeon, leading specialist, expert in olfactory dysfunction
Akhmedov
Magomed Akhmedovich
Otorhinolaryngologist, pediatric ENT
Putkaradze Ekaterina Iosifovnz
Experience 3 years
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Putkaradze
Ekaterina Iosifovnz
Otorhinolaryngologist, phoniatrist
Chekaldina Elena Vladimirovna
Experience 14 years
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Chekaldina
Elena Vladimirovna
Leading otolaryngologist, ENT surgeon, pediatric ENT
Samusenkova Ksenia Vladislavovna
Experience 6 years
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Samusenkova
Ksenia Vladislavovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Polivoda Anna Mikhailovna
Experience 20 years
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Polivoda
Anna Mikhailovna
Otorhinolaryngologist, audiologist, otoneurologist
Balybina Natalia Alekseevna
Experience 5 years
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Balybina
Natalia Alekseevna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Malyavina Ulyana Stanislavovna
Experience 28 years
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Malyavina
Ulyana Stanislavovna
Leading otolaryngologist, ENT surgeon, pediatric ENT
Latysheva Elena Nikolaevna
Experience 16 years
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Latysheva
Elena Nikolaevna
Leading otolaryngologist, ENT surgeon, pediatric ENT
Krasnosheeva Ekaterina Alexandrovna
Experience 9 years
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Krasnosheeva
Ekaterina Alexandrovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
Gergiev Vladimir Felixovich
Experience 10 years
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Gergiev
Vladimir Felixovich
Otorhinolaryngologist
Astasheva Vera Markovna
Experience 10 years
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Astasheva
Vera Markovna
Otorhinolaryngologist
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This award is given to clinics with the highest ratings according to user ratings. It means that the place is known, loved, and definitely worth visiting.

Our doctors are laureates of the ProDoctors Award
Our doctors are laureates of the ProDoctors Award

The ProDoctors portal collected 500 thousand reviews, compiled a rating of doctors based on them and awarded the best. We are proud that our doctors are among those awarded.

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Otorhinolaryngologist primary appointment
from 6 450 ₽
Otolaryngologist repeated appointment
from 5 700 ₽
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from 18 810 ₽
Planned remote online consultation of an otorhinolaryngologist using telemedicine technologies

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Почему К+31?
К + 31 — full-cycle multidisciplinary medical centers, including the possibility of providing medical services of European quality level.
К + 31 — are leading doctors and diagnostics using high-tech equipment from world manufacturers (Karl Storz, Olympus, Siemens, Toshiba, Bausch&Lomb, Technolas, Zeiss, Topcon).
К + 31 — is ethical. The staff of K+31 clinics maintain open relationships with patients and partners. An individual approach to each patient is the basis of our service standards.
К + 31 — is modernity. On call 24/7: call center operators will answer your questions at any time and book you an appointment with doctors. Contact us by phone, through the feedback form on the website and Max.

Reviews

Ulyana and Natalia OVL, attentive and responsive attitude.
27.04.2026
V. Ter.
I would like to sincerely thank Anastasia Vladimirovna Varvyanskaya for her high professionalism and a rare combination of calmness, attention and human kindness. I've been dealing with a long-standing nasal breathing problem. At the consultation, the doctor understood the situation very carefully, explained everything in detail and in clear language, and suggested the optimal treatment plan and further actions — without unnecessary promises, but with confidence and clear logic. The operation and postoperative management were carried out as carefully as possible: at each stage there was a feeling that you were in safe hands. Separately, I would like to note the delicacy, care and warm attitude — this is especially important when you are worried and go to the intervention. Now the recovery is going well, nasal breathing has already become noticeably better. Many thanks for the result and for the attitude towards the patient. I recommend it with confidence!
26.04.2026
Aleksandr T.
I am very grateful for the detailed explanation during the appointment to the doctor Akhmedov M. A.
26.04.2026
A. Tol.
During the year I traveled all over our Russia, the diagnosis was very difficult for me, as it turned out, and finally I was very lucky, I came across wonderful doctors Osipova I.A. and Shevtsova T.P. and now I am in safe hands. Thanks to these doctors for not rejecting me, they immediately determined the diagnosis, and prescribed therapy. The doctors are very polite, they listened to me very carefully from beginning to end. If everyone had such doctors, there would be much fewer sick people. I wish you all good health and never get sick.
25.04.2026
Mariya
Thank you so much for your attentive attitude and help!in solving the problem!
25.04.2026
Artem O.

About doctor:

Astasheva Vera Markovna

The puncture was performed 4 times, the nose was washed many times, but as a result, the complex sinusitis was cured. Many thanks to Magomed Akhmedovich for the high-quality and tactful treatment, a very competent specialist!
25.04.2026
Oleg B.
A very attentive and professional doctor, thank you.
23.04.2026
Aleksandr Yu.
A very attentive and super professional doctor. I did all the research quickly and efficiently.
09.04.2026
Veronika C.
A wonderful doctor, the best otoneurologist in our life, a highly qualified specialist!
30.03.2026
Genrieta F.

Our clinics

Address K+31 on Lobachevskogo

st. Lobachevskogo, 42/4

Contacts

+7 499 999-31-31

Opening hours

Mon-Fri: 08:00 – 21:00
Weekend: 09:00 – 19:00

Address K+31 Petrovskie Vorota

1st Kolobovsky pereulok, 4

Contacts

+7 499 999-31-31

Opening hours

Mon-Fri: 08:00 – 21:00
Sat-Sun: 09:00 – 19:00

Address K+31 West

Orshanskaya, 16/2; Ak. Pavlova, 22

Contacts

+7 499 999-31-31

Opening hours

Mon-Fri: 08:00 – 21:00
Sat-Sun: 09:00 – 18:00
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