Allergic rhinitis
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Symptoms of allergic rhinitis
The pathology is manifested by a number of characteristic symptoms, the same for both children and adults. These include:
- Nasal stuffiness
- Difficulty in nasal breathing
- Sneezing (can be paroxysmal and repeated many times)
- Itchy nose
- Nasal discharge (copious, clear)
- Decreased or loss of sense of smell
In some patients, the leading symptoms are sneezing and itching, in others - nasal congestion and runny nose. There are also mixed cases. In addition, a runny nose is often accompanied by redness and itching in the eyes. This indicates simultaneously developing allergic conjunctivitis. Often the eyelids become very swollen. This symptom signals the development of a dangerous complication - Quincke's edema.
In the most severe cases, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis resemble the signs of ARVI. In this case, the person’s temperature rises slightly and a sore throat appears. Weakness increases, performance decreases, and general condition worsens.
Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis
The diagnosis is made by an allergist. To begin with, he examines the patient, identifies the main symptoms and records complaints. Further steps:
- Skin allergy tests. This is a simple and fairly accurate method for determining the allergen. Its essence is to apply possible allergens to the skin and observe the reaction
- Blood and nasal swab tests. An allergic process is indicated by an increased level of eosinophils. The presence of neutrophils in the blood indicates the addition of an infectious component
If necessary, additional specialized tests are carried out. For example, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) can detect antibodies to specific allergens in the blood.
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Causes of allergic rhinitis
One of the most common causative agents of allergic rhinitis is plant pollen (the most dangerous of them is ragweed, the peak of pollination of which occurs in July-October). During their flowering period, people at risk develop hay fever or “hay fever”.
Some people have a reaction to dust mites. These invisible creatures live in house dust and feed on organic particles (in particular, dead skin cells). In highly dusty conditions, the cause of allergic reactions is their excrement.
In addition, an allergic reaction is caused by specific proteins contained in the hair and saliva of pets. Symptoms intensify with direct contact with the pet.
Also at risk of developing allergic rhinitis are people whose profession involves constant contact with dust, chemicals or specific materials. In particular, reactions to flour, latex, feathers and even some medications are very common .