Eosinophils in the total blood count (CBC)
Eosinophils are included in the white blood cell count; their normal value is 1-5%. They play a key role in neutralizing and destroying foreign cells (parasites, protists, bacteria) circulating in the blood and in tissues. This occurs through the production of special receptors that bind to immunoglobulin E, forming a cytotoxic (cell-destroying) complex.
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EO activation occurs both independently and after the absorption of mediators released by basophils. Due to the large accumulation of IgE in the area of eosinophil concentration, an allergic reaction such as anaphylactic shock may develop.
Considering the main functions of EO, an increase in their number can be observed in:
- Recovery from an infectious and inflammatory process is a favorable sign
- Parasitic infestation
- Activation of various allergic reactions, including chronic ones (bronchial asthma, dermatitis, hay fever)
- Autoimmune systemic diseases
- Malignant lesions of the red bone marrow (leukemia), lymphoid tissue (lymphoma)
- Metastatic tumors of internal organs (especially with metastases to the lungs and bones)
Eosinophil levels decrease in the following cases:
- During the height of an infection
- Immunosuppression (cytostatics, glucocorticoids)
- Use of antiallergic medications
- Bone marrow depletion
- Severe patient condition
In the absence of any pathological symptoms that lead to a change in the eosinophil count in the general analysis, this test should be performed at least once a year for preventive purposes.
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