ALAT – alanine aminotransferase (GPT)
ALAT is often found in biochemical analyses. The normal alanine aminotransferase (AT) level is 41 U/L for men and 31 U/L for women. However, slight deviations from the upper limit are not always taken into account in the absence of other signs of pathology in the body (symptoms, changes in related biochemical parameters).
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GPT levels primarily assess the functioning of the hepatobiliary system: the liver, bile ducts, and pancreas. They increase in:
- All forms of hepatitis (especially during exacerbations of chronic conditions)
- Metabolic disorders (hepatosis)
- Intoxication (poisoning, severe infections, parasites)
- Tumors and metastases to the liver
- Obstruction of bile flow (obstructive jaundice)
- Pancreatitis
Less specific, but still quite sensitive for common pathological conditions:
- Burn disease
- Blood diseases
- Severe injuries
- Use of certain medications (hormone therapy, antibiotics, chemotherapy)
For all of the above-mentioned conditions, alanine AT cannot be the only test used to establish a diagnosis. However, when combined with other results, it significantly facilitates the diagnostic search.
A below-normal level is rare and is typical of deficiency conditions (vitamin, macro- and microelement deficiencies), liver cirrhosis, and poisoning with drugs that have pronounced hepatotoxicity.
Blood tests are necessary if:
- Heaviness or pain in the right upper quadrant
- Girdle-like pain in the upper abdomen
- Nausea after eating and heartburn
- Bloating, unstable stools
- Loss of appetite
- Yellowing of the skin
- Prolonged elevated body temperature
- Unexplained weakness and severe fatigue
In such situations, ALT is a mandatory laboratory test, along with other tests: AST, bilirubin, amylase, etc.
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