Correction of congenital chest deformities
The K+31 clinic treats patients with both mild and severe chest deformities. Our specialists use advanced medical technologies in their practice, which allows them to achieve good results.
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Reasons for the defect
Acquired deformation occurs when a person has:
- Chronic obstructive diseases of the respiratory system (bronchial asthma, COPD, emphysema)
- Rickets
- Trauma
- Spinal curvatures
- Neoplasms of the sternum or organs located in this area
- Unsuccessful surgical interventions
- Arthritis, etc.
Rib deformities resulting from various diseases are more common and are more typical for adults or adolescents. The pathology is no less dangerous and is completely dependent on the severity of the defect.
Types of chest deformities
Patients are most often diagnosed with funnel-shaped and keel-shaped deformities. But other variants of pathology development are also possible.
The chest is funnel-shaped
The defect is characterized by the sternum collapsing (sagging) inward with the formation of a "pit". Congenital chest deformity is diagnosed in 80% of children of different ages. In 25% of all cases, the pathology has a hereditary development factor. Boys suffer from this problem 6 times more often than girls.
Types of funnel-shaped defect:
- Cup-shaped. Usually symmetrical and localized in the lower chest area.
- Saucer-shaped. A large depression that extends over the entire surface of the chest
- Transverse. Characterized by horizontal orientation
- Eccentric. The depression is shifted to one side or the other from the midline of the human body.
- Grand Canyon. A large, deep depression that looks like a channel
Funnel chest is accompanied by a decrease in the volume of the chest cavity, which leads to a disruption in the functioning of the structural units located in it. Without proper and timely correction of the defect, complications are possible from various organs, such as the heart (aneurysms) and lungs (respiratory failure, decrease in organ volume).
Keeled chest
This type of chest deformation is rare, occurring only in 8-20% of all diagnosed clinical cases. It is characterized by the formation of a protrusion that sticks out. Usually, the defect manifests itself with the growth of cartilage at the level of the 5-7 ribs.
If the chest protrudes, it is said to have increased volume. This often leads to displacement of organs.
These violations become the cause of:
- Increased fatigue
- Rapid breathing (even after minor exertion)
- Asthma
- Tachycardia
The keel-shaped deformity may be symmetrical or not. In this case, the sternum can move or not.
Other types of deformations
The most common defects:
- Poland syndrome. Characterized by underdevelopment of the chest. Some ribs, mammary glands, muscles may be missing
- Sternal cleft. The splitting of the bone may or may not be complete
- Currarino-Silverman syndrome. The pathology is not common. Ossification of the sternum is characteristic before the expected time. As a result, its simultaneous curvature in different planes occurs
These disorders are rare - only 2% of patients.
General information about the procedure
Diagnostics
After visual detection of the disorder, the patient is sent for consultation to an orthopedist. The specialist performs an examination, palpation of the problem area, studies the anamnesis. Then he questions the patient about concomitant diseases, symptoms, their severity and frequency of occurrence.
To clarify the diagnosis, it may be necessary to perform an X-ray or CT scan. After evaluating the images obtained, the Gizycka index (for funnel chest) is established, which is necessary to determine the severity of the pathology. Based on the data, the following is diagnosed:
- 1st st. Index - 0.7. The defect is not accompanied by cardiological and respiratory symptoms
- Stage 2. Index — in the range of 0.5-0.7. Aesthetic defects are visualized, shortness of breath appears during physical activity
- Stage 3. Index — less than 0.5. Deformations interfere with normal human life, lead to shortness of breath and rapid heartbeat
A patient who has cardiorespiratory symptoms must undergo an ultrasound of the heart, electrocardiography, and spirography.
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About the disease
Curvature of the thorax is a pathology that occurs in approximately 2% of the population. Deformations of the bone and cartilage structures worsen the support function and disrupt the mobility of the spinal column. At the same time, the pathology not only represents a serious aesthetic and psychological problem, but also leads to somatic disorders.
Pathological forms of the chest can be congenital or acquired. In the first case, the genetic material of the embryo changes under the influence of unfavorable external (radiation, poor ecology) or internal (various diseases of the mother) factors.
If there is a congenital deformity, its diagnosis is possible in the first year of the child's life or a little later. Often, changes become noticeable during periods of active physical development - at 5-6, 9-10, 14-15 years. As children grow and without appropriate treatment, the pathology worsens even more, the likelihood of various complications increases.