Platelets in a complete blood count
Platelets are the smallest blood cells responsible for clotting and "repairing" damaged blood vessels. They form the initial blood clot, initiate the coagulation cascade, and prevent blood loss.
In a complete blood count, platelets are referred to as PLTs (platelets) and are measured in ×10⁹/L or thousands/μL. Upward or downward deviations can be associated with blood diseases, metabolic disorders, liver disease, infections, and medications.
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The body's ability to maintain hemostasis, i.e., prevent excessive blood loss, is directly dependent on PLT levels. Normally, their levels range from 180-320 x 109/L. A decrease in this indicator (thrombocytopenia) can lead to hypocoagulation and increased bleeding time, which is observed in:
- Myelotoxicity (after chemotherapy, long-term antibiotic treatment)
- Bone metastases
- Autoimmune platelet attack
- Severe viral infections (herpes, HIV)
- Hepatitis and cirrhosis, including alcoholic cirrhosis
- Hypothyroidism
- Iron, folate, and vitamin B12 deficiency
- Some forms of leukemia
Thrombocytosis, or an increase in the absolute number of cells per unit of blood volume, can lead to intravascular coagulation and thrombosis of vital arteries, so it is crucial to promptly diagnose this condition and prevent its negative consequences. This situation can develop in the following cases:
- Malignant bone marrow lesions (chronic myeloid leukemia), myelofibrosis, or lymphoid system lesions (lymphoma)
- Infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune processes
- Malignant tumors (paraneoplastic syndrome)
- Tuberculosis
- Amyloidosis
- Chronic bleeding or several days after acute blood loss
- Spleen removal
Neither thrombocytopenia nor thrombocytosis manifests itself clinically, but the consequences of these conditions can be quite serious. This indicates the high importance of preventative platelet testing, and if any abnormalities are detected, it is imperative to consult a doctor. A coagulogram is usually also prescribed for a more detailed examination of the hemostasis system.
Blood platelet norms
Ranges vary slightly between laboratories, so always refer to the reference values on your form.
Normal platelet count in adults
In adult men and women, the normal platelet count is usually within the following ranges:
| Category | Normal Platelet Count, ×10⁹/L |
|---|---|
| Adults (both sexes) | 150–400 |
| Some laboratories | 150–450 |
Minor fluctuations are possible with stress, physical exertion, infections, and medication use.
A low platelet count is called thrombocytopenia.
Main causes:
- Viral infections (acute respiratory viral infections, influenza, COVID-19, mononucleosis)
- Taking certain medications (antibiotics, NSAIDs, anticonvulsants, chemotherapy)
- Autoimmune diseases (idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, etc.)
- Bone marrow diseases (aplastic anemia, leukemia, myelodysplasia)
- Liver cirrhosis, severe liver and spleen disease
- Vitamin B12 and folate deficiency
Severe thrombocytopenia increases the risk of bleeding and requires urgent medical attention.
An elevated platelet count is called thrombocytosis.
Possible causes:
- Inflammatory processes and infections (acute and chronic)
- Recent surgeries, injuries, blood loss
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Spleen removal (splenectomy)
- Oncological diseases, myeloproliferative diseases (essential thrombocythemia)
- Recovery period after severe infections in children
Severe thrombocytosis increases the risk of thrombosis, heart attacks, and strokes, so it is important to promptly seek medical attention.
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Symptoms of PLT level abnormalities
Mild thrombocytopenia or thrombocytosis is often asymptomatic and is only detected through a blood test.
Signs of Low Platelets
- Increased bleeding gums
- Frequent nosebleeds
- Easy bruising (hematomas), even with minor injuries
- Prolonged menstruation in women
- Prolonged bleeding from cuts
Signs of High Platelets
- Headaches, dizziness
- Numbness or tingling in the fingers
- Increased blood pressure
- Increased risk of thrombosis (especially in people with other risk factors)
General information
Platelets in children
In children, abnormal PLT levels are often associated with infections, recent vaccinations, medications, or iron deficiency.
Most cases of moderate thrombocytosis in young children are asymptomatic and are a temporary reaction. However, any significant abnormality requires consultation with a pediatrician or pediatric hematologist.
What to do if platelet abnormalities occur
- Don't panic and repeat the test in the same lab, following the preparation instructions.
- Contact a doctor (general practitioner, hematologist, or pediatrician for your child) to evaluate the results, taking into account your symptoms and medical history.
- If necessary, undergo additional tests: coagulation profile, blood biochemistry, liver and spleen ultrasound, tests for infections and autoimmune markers.
- Do not self-medicate (including aspirin and iron supplements) without a doctor's recommendation.
FAQ
What is the normal platelet count for adults?
What are the dangers of very low platelet counts?
Can diet improve platelet counts?
Are slightly elevated platelet counts dangerous?
How often should I get my platelet count tested?
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