Causes of disease development
- Insufficient oral hygiene. Plaque constantly accumulates on the teeth. And, if you don’t brush your teeth at least 2 times a day and don’t follow other care rules, plaque turns into tartar. It is the breeding ground for bacteria that lead to inflammation.
- Bad habits (especially smoking)
- Lack of vitamins in the body
- Decreased immunity. The oral cavity is a place of constant opportunistic microflora. And, in case of decreased immunity, the body cannot cope with bacteria and suppress their growth
- Among the common factors in the development of periodontal diseases, doctors note hormonal changes (for example, pregnancy), trauma to the mucous membrane, age, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal pathologies, long-term use of certain medications, etc.
Periodontal diseases
The list of gum diseases is very long. They can be diagnosed in both children and adults. The most common pathologies are:
- Gingivitis. A disease in which inflammation of the superficial gum tissue occurs. Mainly occurs due to insufficient oral hygiene. If left untreated, it can penetrate deeper and become a real threat to the patient’s health
- Periodontitis. It consists of inflammation of periodontal tissues. It causes destruction of gums and bone tissue. Develops due to tartar or periodontal pockets. It can lead to tooth loss. Treatment of periodontitis eliminates inflammation and associated symptoms. In this case, it is necessary to carry out high-quality removal of subgingival dental plaque. Doctors at our clinic use a modern non-contact method - ultrasound
- Parodontosis. A rare disease that is diagnosed in only 8% of cases. Periodontal disease is not an inflammatory or infectious pathology. It becomes the cause of dystrophic changes in the gums, bone tissue and tooth mobility. In some cases, orthodontic correction is performed to eliminate the problem - special braces are installed on the teeth
At the K+31 medical center, the treatment of periodontal diseases is carried out in various directions: conservative therapy, orthodontics, surgery. The treatment method is determined by the doctor after a thorough diagnosis.
Symptoms of diseases
Periodontal diseases have very broad symptoms. And each pathology has its own characteristic features. But, unfortunately, in most cases, the disease in the early stages is practically asymptomatic and patients simply they don't pay enough attention to them. Specialists at the K+31 clinic recommend seeking advice if the following warning signs occur:
- Bleeding gums (even minor)
- Inflammation of the gingival papillae (soft tissues localized in the spaces between the teeth)
- Losing or overgrowth of periodontal tissue
- Bad breath
- Swelling and redness of the gums
- Plaque and tartar
- Formation of periodontal pockets
- Exposure of the neck of the tooth
- Mobility of one tooth or several at once
- Increased tooth sensitivity, etc.
The symptoms of periodontal disease cannot be ignored. They can lead to a serious threat to the patient's health. The best option is to be examined by specialists at least several times a year.
Treatment methods for periodontal diseases
When treating gum diseases, specialists at the K+31 periodontology clinic adhere to an integrated approach. It is important not only to relieve the symptoms of the disease, but also to eliminate the cause of its development. Otherwise, the inflammatory process may return again. The choice of treatment methods is determined by the doctor individually in each specific case.
Professional oral hygiene
Any periodontal treatment should begin with a comprehensive cleaning. To remove dental deposits, manual scalers, ultrasound or air-abrasive treatment (Airflow) are used.
After removing the plaque, the teeth are polished and polished with a special paste, which contains fluorine. If the patient is diagnosed with hypersensitivity teeth, during professional hygiene, local anesthesia can be used.
Curettage of gums
It consists in deep cleansing of the gums and is used in cases where plaque and tartars are located under them. Cleaning of gum pockets is open and closed.
Closed curettage involves cleaning periodontal pockets with a depth of up to 5 mm. It is used when the inflammation has not yet affected the bone tissue. In this case, an ultrasonic scaler and a curette (a sharp hook that removes plaque under the gums) is used for cleaning.
Open curettage is a complete surgical intervention. It is necessary when dental deposits are located in the gum pockets deeper than 5 mm, and the inflammation spread through the dental roots and began to destroy the bone tissue.
Hardware treatment
Treatment with the device "Vector". It involves the removal of bacterial plaque using ultrasound. This is a modern method of treatment that allows you to qualitatively clean the oral cavity and gum pockets from dental deposits. In some cases, this option can replace curettage.
Splinting
It is used for the mobility of one tooth or the entire dentition. Splinting of mobile teeth allows you to strengthen your teeth with thin splints. They are attached from the inside of moving teeth to healthy teeth. This method is used only in complex therapy and allows periodontal tissues to recover.
Surgical intervention
Most often, periodontal surgery involves a patchwork operation (several incisions are made on the gum, to remove granulation tissues and deposits that are deeply located). Surgical treatments also include gum plasty (gingivoplasty). Such an operation on the gums is used in case of reduction in the volume of periodontal tissues. (gum augmentation is performed using a small piece of mucous from the palate) or voluminous gum pockets.
Before the operation, it is mandatory to carry out medical treatment of the periodontal pocket. The procedure can significantly reduce discomfort and prevent the growth of bacteria. Besides, instrumental or ultrasonic treatment of the roots is performed. For the purpose of biomodification (preparation of the root surface) additionally use various medicinal agents.
After any surgical intervention, a therapeutic periodontal bandage is applied to the patient. The same dressings are used in the treatment of periodontal diseases: they prolong the effect of drugs, which the pocket was processed.
Additionally, various biological products and injections can be used to treat periodontal diseases. They help to restore the gums and bone tissue, relieve inflammation and increase the resistance of the gums to various aggressive factors. The choice of drugs is determined by the attending physician in each case.
Which doctor should I contact for periodontal diseases
The periodontist deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of periodontal diseases. He conducts a comprehensive examination and prescribes the most effective treatment plan in each specific case. Particular attention is paid to individual oral hygiene. In situations where the cause of the development of gum pathologies are common factors, the doctor may send the patient for consultation with other specialists.
Also, the periodontist, in addition to diagnosing and treating periodontal disease, carries out the following manipulations:
- Professional hygiene of the entire oral cavity
- Teeth whitening
- Individual selection of products for home care of teeth and gums
- Training on proper brushing of teeth, etc.
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About the disease
Caries is diagnosed in almost 98% of patients, regardless of age. However, besides it, there are other diseases of the mucous membranes and gums. Periodontal disease negatively affects not only the condition of the oral cavity, but also the health of the body as a whole.
Periodontology is a branch of dentistry that deals with the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of such diseases (periodontal diseases). Periodontium is the tissue that surrounds the tooth and holds it in place. It includes:
Periodontal diseases affect a person’s quality of life and bring a lot of inconvenience. Therefore, it is recommended to monitor oral hygiene and undergo annual preventive examination by a doctor in order to promptly begin treatment in the event of the development of any pathologies. Also, treatment of periodontal diseases must be carried out before placing dentures. You can make an appointment at the K+31 medical center by phone or leave a request for a call back. We will call you back within 15 minutes.